Intercomparison of retrieval codes used for the analysis of high-resolution, ground-based FTIR measurements

A rigorous and systematic intercomparison of codes used for the retrieval of trace gas profiles from high-resolution ground-based solar absorption FTIR measurements is presented for the first time. Spectra were analyzed with the two widely used independent, retrieval codes: SFIT2 and PROFFIT9. Vertical profiles of O₃, HNO₃, HDO, and N₂O were derived from the same set of typical observed spectra. Analysis of O₃ was improved by using updated line parameters. It is shown that profiles and total column amounts are in excellent agreement, when similar constraints are applied, and that the resolution kernel matrices are also consistent. Owing to the limited altitude resolution of ground-based observations, the impact of the constraints on the solution is not negligible. It is shown that the results are also compatible for independently chosen constraints. Perspectives for refined constraints are discussed. It can be concluded that the error budget introduced by the radiative transfer code and the retrieval algorithm on total columns deduced from high-resolution ground-based solar FTIR spectra is below 1%.     

水平管外强化凝结传热的数值解

以Nusselt理论为基础,运用三维坐标建立了肋片侧面的冷凝传热模型,对肋片侧面的冷凝传热机理进行了分析,得出了肋片侧面表面传热系数的积分表达式。利用此法对水平环肋单管表面传热系数进行计算并将结果与传统解法进行比较。     

Electron–hole recombination luminescence in LiYF4:U single crystal

Photoluminescence (PL), photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on LiYF₄:U⁴⁺ and pure LiYF₄ crystals. The PL and EPR investigations have identified the presence of Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ions in both of these crystals possibly due to their existence in the starting materials. The luminescence observed during afterglow, PSL and TSL revealed that emission occurs at wavelength positions 382, 413, 437 and 544 nm, which are characteristic of Tb³⁺ ions. The present investigations using PSL and TSL in combination with PL studies before and after gamma irradiation have revealed that selective energy transfer to Tb³⁺ ions occurs during electron–hole recombination processes like PSL and TSL. Even though other luminescent ions (U⁴⁺ and Eu³⁺) are present in the system and U⁴⁺/U³⁺ ions are participating in electron capture/release processes, the selective energy transfer results in Tb³⁺ ions acting as luminescence centers.     

Diphenylmethane transformations over boron trifluoride modified alumina and silica-alumina

Transformations of diphenylmethane were investigated in a flow system in the presence of alumina and silica-alumina modified with boron trifluoride at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures. Hydrogen transfer reaction was observed on addition of tetralin to the substrate stream. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

空间斜程能见度的影响因素分析

 空间斜程能见度是空间目标识别的重要参量。水平能见度与大气消光参数有明确的关系，而斜程能见度与大气消光参数、观测方向、太阳天顶角等多种因素有关，目前尚未有明确的结果。从辐射传输理论出发，通过δ-Eddington近似求解辐射传输方程，尝试推导了空间斜程能见度的表达式，探讨了斜程能见度与观察者视角、太阳高度角以及大气光学特性之间的关系。     

Charge transfer excitons: dynamic theory of vibronic spectra

The vibronic spectra of charge transfer excitons (CTE) in a molecular one-component or alternatingly ordered two-component chain are treated in the framework of a dynamic approach (neglecting thermal excitations of the intramolecular vibrations). The model introduces two mechanisms of coupling between CTEs and vibrational quanta: (1) shift of the equilibrium positions of the nuclei in the ionized donor or acceptor; (2) change of the vibrational frequency in the ionized molecule. This model allows to generalize the simple CTE Hamiltonian and the vibronic Hamiltonian of Frenkel excitons. The linear optical susceptibility is calculated in the vibronic region (one CTE and one vibrational quantum). The double splitting of vibronics of CTEs was analyzed: (1) the splitting connected with the location of the intramolecular vibration on the donors or on the acceptors; (2) the splitting connected with the symmetry of the vibronic spectra (in the degenerate case). The general structure of the vibronic spectra of CTEs is established. It contains structureless absorption lines, which correspond to two-particle bands (the phonon is excited on a neutral molecule neighboring the donor or the acceptor) and Lorentz-type lines of one-particle states, which correspond to the bound propagation of the CTE and the phonon.     

Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulation for radiative heat transfer in turbulent fluctuating media under the optically thin fluctuation approximation

The Monte Carlo ray-tracing method (MCRT) based on the concept of radiation distribution factor is extended to solve radiative heat transfer problem in turbulent fluctuating media under the optically thin fluctuation approximation. A one-dimensional non-scattering turbulent fluctuating media is considered, in which the mean temperature and absorption coefficient distribution are assumed and the shape of probability density function is given. The distribution of the time-averaged volume radiation heat source is solved by MCRT and direct integration method. It is shown that the results of MCRT based on the concept of radiation distribution factor agree with these of integration solution very well, but results of MCRT based on the concept of radiative transfer coefficient do not agree with these of integration solution. The solution of time-averaged radiative transfer equation by the concept of radiative transfer coefficient should be treated with caution.     

射束有效宽度与成像系统MTF关系的研究

射线成像系统的射线有效宽度是评定系统成像分辨率的重要成像指标。以试验的方法,通过测试系统成像的MTF,通过对成像分辨率与射线有效宽度的关系进行研究,为射线数字成像(DR)及工业CT系统设计提供了参考。     

新型制冷机冷凝器壳侧的传热强化研究

针对现行制冷机冷凝器的不足 ,设计了适用于冷凝传热的新型折流杆冷凝器的壳程内部结构 ,并分析了其传热强化机理。在重力控制条件下 ,对不同内部支承结构与管束组合的冷凝器进行了传热实验研究 ,得到了水蒸汽在冷凝器壳侧的冷凝传热特性曲线。采用冷凝传热强化因子的概念 ,建立了预测该种折流杆冷凝器壳侧冷凝传热膜系数的计算公式 ,为折流杆冷疑器在制冷系统中的设计应用提供了理论依据。